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1993-04-21
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OFFICE OF PUBLIC INFORMATION
JET PROPULSION LABORATORY, CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION
PASADENA, CALIFORNIA. TELEPHONE 354-5011
For Release: A.M.'s Sunday, August 13, 1967
TWO MARINERS TO COMBINE IN NASA-JPL SOLAR PLASMA STUDY
PASADENA, California--The Mariner Venus spacecraft of
1967 may combine with the Mariner Mars spacecraft, vintage 1964,
in a novel experiment planned for this summer and fall by Caltech-
Jet Propulsion Laboratory scientists for the National Aeronautics
and Space Administration.
This month, September and early October before Mariner V
is scheduled to fly by Venus, JPL scientists will attempt to get
readings solar plasma and space magnetism from both Mariner V
and Mariner IV while they are in the same direct line with Earth
and the sun.
The two spacecraft would be about 70 million miles
apart with Earth roughly in the middle, on a line drawn from the
Sun. The unique lineup could be capitalized on assuming that
Mariner IV's radio transmitter would still be operating.
"And we have no reason to believe it won't be," says
Conway W. Snyder, Mariner Venus project scientist. The Mars
Mariner's signal came through loud and clear only last week on
the Caltech-JPL 210-foot antenna at the nearby Goldstone, Cali-
fornia, Deep Space Station. At that time Mariner IV was more
than 75 million miles from Earth.
From as far as 215 million miles, Mariner IV has
reported scientific data to Earth for 2-1/2 years.
-2-
Mariner V was launched from Cape Kennedy on June 14
with encounter of the planet set for October 19.
The periods of conjunction that will be studied are from
about August 10 to 21 and roughly September 1 to October 10. On
September 7, Mariner IV will be only 29,167,000 miles from the
Earth in its elliptical swing, and Mariner V will be roughly 20.5
million miles distant.
By the time Mariner V encounters Venus it will be 49.5
million miles away and Mariner IV, moving slowly, will have fallen
behind Earth, 34 million miles out.
The JPL space scientists hope to record shock waves and
other disturbances in the solar wind or magnetic field encountered
by each spacecraft during August. The solar plasma streams out
from the sun at rates of 200 to 500 miles per second, according
to previous experiments on Mariner II and other spacecraft.
Later, during September and October, the two-spacecraft
readings will be concerned with concentrations of solar high-
energy particles. Attempts will be made to measure the speed and
direction of streams of electrons and protons.
These high-energy particles move at almost the speed of
light (186,000 miles per second), and hence can travel from
Mariner V to Mariner IV in a matter of minutes. The August
readings, because of the slower plasma stream, would require up
to a day and a half to record.
This would be the most spectacular use of Mariner IV
since it flew by Mars on July 14, 1965, and returned 22 pictures
-3-
of that planet from a distance of 6,118 miles. The time of the
project twin-spacecraft experiments would be nearly three years
after the Mariner IV launching on November 28, 1964.
Among the other half-dozen major experiments scheduled
to be accomplished by Mariner V are radio occultation measurements
of the density and the composition of the heavy Venus atmosphere.
Other instruments will seek data on temperatures, elec-
tron density and possible radiation belts around the Earth's
sister planet. Scientists also will attempt to obtain more
accurate figures on Venus' mass, orbit and general position vis a
vis Earth in the solar system. Venus orbits the Sun at a mean
distance of 67.2 million miles. Earth orbits at a mean 92.9
million miles.
In sum, the scientific findings of Mariner V could con-
tribute some leading answers--not final, of course, but helpful--
to the interesting questions:
How much is our sister planet really like Earth?
What chance is there of finding life on Venus via robot
landers?
And, ultimately, would there be any point in sending a
manned spacecraft to Venus in the future?
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451-8/8/67